Warehouse Storage Management System
Warehouse Storage Management System
One of the main functions of a warehouse is to temporarily store goods before they are used. Generally, the material is put into the storage area after the stuffing process is complete.
In a manual warehousing system, records of receipt of goods are collected in the receiving area and distributed to various areas where these documents are required. Meanwhile, a computerized warehousing system uses barcode labels which are used to track products.
Goods are identified and placed in a suitable container or pallet. Newly arrived goods must be placed under or beside the existing stock. This is necessary so that the old stock can be used first.
These goods control activities must be carried out in a disciplined manner to avoid a decline in the quality of old stock and the First In First Out (FIFO) system can be run automatically.
Storage Methods
There are several methods of storing goods that can be done:
1. Random Location System
This system is the most popular and economical. Items that come to the warehouse are randomly placed in each empty area.
2. Fixed Location System
Each item of goods has a fixed storage area and that place cannot be used for other items. Warehousing staff tends to choose this system because it is very easy to remember the location of the cargo.
3. Fixed Area Working on a Random System
This system is a combination of the advantages of the previous two methods, where the collection of each item such as ball bearings, abrasives, and spare parts can be combined in the same place. Once the items are separated and a fixed area for item storage has been selected, the exact location is controlled by the Random Location System.
Storage System Selection Criteria
According to the Singapore Logistics Association (2014), several criteria need to be considered for selecting a storage system:
- Load
- Throughput Rate
- Storage Level
- Column Spacing
- Picking Criteria
The Selection Process and Type of Storage
The system can be selected using several of the criteria previously mentioned. The first cut method uses selection frequency and storage density.
- High Pick and High Storage
- High Pick and Low Storage
- Low Pick and High Storage
- Low Pick and Low Storage
Storage System Configuration
Some storage system configurations are as follows:
1. Selective Racking
The location of each pallet is accessible via the aisle. When each pallet is retrieved, only one pallet is moved from that location. This type of configuration is a racking system commonly used in warehousing. Shelf height can vary according to needs.
2. Double-deep Racking
Two rows of single deep racks can be used together to hold two pallets. Forklifts, stackers, and reach trucks are used to pick up two pallets.
3. Drive-in Racking
Drive-in racking allows pallets to be stored vertically on storage racks.
4. Mobile Racking
This type helps increase storage density. The rack can be moved using mechanical devices.
5. Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)
The main components of the Automated Storage and Retrieval System are the stacker crane, storage rack, and software.
6. Very Narrow Aisle (VNA)
This system functions to reduce the aisle width and the height of the shelves to 14 meters.
Warehouse staff needs documentation to keep track of the items placed on the shelves.
7. Carousel
This type can be classified into two types, namely vertical and horizontal. A vertical carousel is an automatic storage and retrieval machine that uses chains and rails that rotate the storage bin vertically.
This vertical type is especially useful for small items. Meanwhile, the horizontal carousel is automatic storage used for efficient selection and high-density storage.
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